Summary of Comprehensive Approaches for Effective Control of Surface Ozone Pollution
Surface ozone pollution mainly results from the photochemical reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under high temperature and strong light. It requires multi-dimensional coordinated governance through source control, technological upgrading, policy constraints, and public participation. The specific methods are as follows:
I. Source Control: Reducing Emissions of Precursor Substances
1. Industrial Source Emission Reduction
Key industry governance: For major VOCs emitters such as chemical, pharmaceutical, painting (automobile/furniture), and printing industries, mandatory installation of end-of-pipe treatment facilities (such as activated carbon adsorption, RTO incineration) is required, with a VOCs removal rate of ≥90%; for NOₓ-emitting industries such as thermal power and steel, low-nitrogen combustion technologies and SCR denitrification systems are promoted to control NOₓ emissions below 50mg/m³.
Process upgrading: Promote solvent substitution (such as using water-based coatings instead of solvent-based coatings), and implement closed production (such as pipeline transportation of chemical raw materials), to reduce unorganized VOCs emissions.
2. Mobile source control
Motor vehicle pollution control: Install DPF (Particulate Matter Collector) and SCR systems on diesel trucks to reduce NOₓ and VOCs emissions, etc.
3. Control of Water Sources and Agricultural Sources
Source of life: Prohibit open-air burning and garbage disposal, reduce emissions from cooking fumes (install efficient cooking fume purifiers); promote low-VOC consumer products (such as formaldehyde-free building materials, environmentally friendly cleaning agents).
Agricultural source: Control the use of pesticides and fertilizers (such as switching to biological pesticides), reduce ammonia volatilization (ammonia reacts with NOₓ to form nitrate, indirectly promoting ozone formation).
II. Technical measures: Strengthen pollution control and early warning
1. Optimization of end-of-pipe treatment technologies
Ozone catalytic decomposition: Install ozone decomposition catalysts (such as MnO₂, activated carbon-loaded catalysts) in industrial exhaust and vehicle exhaust treatment systems. Convert ozone into oxygen, reducing the amount of ozone released into the atmosphere.
VOCs deep purification: Utilize the "adsorption concentration + catalytic combustion" combined process to treat low-concentration, high-volume VOCs exhaust with a treatment efficiency of over 95%, avoiding direct emission and participation in photochemical reactions.
2. Regional collaborative governance technology
Atmospheric Super Station Monitoring: Establish a monitoring network covering the city and its surrounding areas, conducting real-time monitoring of NOₓ, VOCs, ozone concentration, and meteorological parameters (temperature, light). Accurately identify pollution sources and transmission routes.
Photochemical Smog Warning Model: Utilize numerical simulation technology to predict the potential of ozone pollution, issue warnings 24-48 hours in advance, and guide emergency control measures.
3. Green Technology Substitution
Promotion of renewable energy: Reduce the combustion of fossil fuels (such as replacing coal-fired power generation with solar and wind energy), and reduce NOₓ and VOCs emissions at the source;
Ecological restoration assistance: Plant plants sensitive to ozone as "biological indicators", and at the same time, through vegetation, absorb some VOCs to assist in air purification.
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