Introduction to hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalysts
Common types of catalysts：
- Heavy metal oxides: Such as MnO₂, CuO, etc. Taking MnO₂ as an example, the process of its catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is: H₂O₂ + MnO₂ = H₂MnO₄, H₂MnO₄ + H₂O₂ = MnO₂ + O₂ + 2H₂O.
- Metallic elements: Metals like Pt, Ag, Cr can also accelerate the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.
- Metal salt solutions: For example, the FeCl₃ solution shows obvious catalytic effects, and its catalytic rate is similar to that of ferric oxide. In contrast, the catalytic phenomenon of copper sulfate solution is not obvious.
- Biological enzymes: Catalase is a biological catalyst widely present in animal and plant tissues. Using potato strips to catalyze the decomposition of H₂O₂ solution takes advantage of the catalase in potatoes, which can prompt the rapid decomposition of H₂O₂.
- Other salts:
- Manganese salts: Including manganese dioxide (MnO₂), manganese sulfate (MnSO₄), etc. Among them, manganese dioxide has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, and is widely used in pollution control, environmental protection and other fields.
- Cobalt salts: Such as cobalt sulfate (CoSO₄), cobalt chloride (CoCl₂), etc., which have higher catalytic activity and stability.
- Iron salts: For example, ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄), ferric sulfate (Fe₂(SO₄)₃), etc., which have lower costs and wider application ranges.
- Vanadium salts: Such as ammonium vanadate (NH₄VO₃), sodium vanadate (NaVO₃), etc., which have higher catalytic activity and longer service lives.
Catalytic principle：
Hydrogen peroxide has a peroxy bond ( - O - O - ), and the oxygen in it is not in the lowest oxidation state, so it is unstable and easy to break. Irradiation with light at a wavelength of 320 - 380 nm at room temperature, heating, or using a catalyst can all accelerate its decomposition.
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